Revision of brief health literacy assessment scale among the older adults and its reliability and validity test / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#The development and validation of the specific health literacy assessment tool for older adults is the basis for conducting the research on health literacy among older adults. The existing health literacy assessment scale for older adults in Chinese mainland has some limitations, such as too many items and poor compliance during the survey. It is necessary to develop or introduce simplified assessment tools to support large-scale surveys in the future. This study aims to modify the brief health literacy assessment scale compiled by Taiwan scholars, and to conduct the test for the reliability, validity and the measurement equivalence across gender in the older population in mainland China.@*METHODS@#From March to April 2021, 508 older adults from Jinan, Shandong Province, China were selected by cluster sampling method to conduct a questionnaire survey using the brief health literacy assessment scale and health-promoting lifestyle profile. After 4 weeks, 83 of them were selected for retesting. SPSS 25.0 statistical software was used for descriptive analysis, item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and reliability test, and Mplus 8.0 was used for confirmatory factor analysis and gender measurement equivalence test.@*RESULTS@#Each item of the scale had good discrimination, and there were significant differences in the scores of each item between high score and low score groups (P<0.05), and the coefficient of correlation between the scores of each item and the total score was between 0.721 and 0.891. Exploratory factor analysis extracted a factor with a characteristic root greater than 1, and the cumulative variance interpretation amount was 67.94%. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the single factor structure fit was good [χ2/df was 2.260, the Tucker-Lewis index was 0.973, the comparison fit index (CFI) was 0.982, and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) was 0.071]. The multi-group confirmatory factor analysis results showed that the brief health literacy assessment scale's configural equivalence, weak equivalence, and strong equivalence models were all accepted. The comparison results of measurement equivalence models showed that the changes of RMSEA were less than 0.015, and the changes of CFI were less than 0.01, indicating that the brief health literacy assessment scale had measurement equivalence between different gender groups. Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.945, and the test-retest reliability was 0.946. The correlation coefficient between health literacy and health-promotion lifestyles was 0.557 (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The brief health literacy assessment scale has good reliability, validity, and measurement equivalence across gender, and can be used as an effective measurement tool for the health literacy of the older people in Chinese mainland.

Interval between entry of mainland China and diagnosis in imported COVID-19 cases and factors contributing to delayed diagnosis in Guangdong Province / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To understand the distribution patterns and the factors influencing the interval between entry of mainland China and diagnosis in imported COVID-19 cases in Guangdong Province to provide evidence for formulating and implementing effective control measures.@*METHODS@#We collected the data of imported COVID-19 cases from March 1st to April 10th, 2020 published on the official websites of Health Commission of Guangdong Province and local government of the cities in Guangdong Province for epidemiological analysis. Descriptive statistical methods were used to analyze the distribution patterns of the interval between entry of mainland China and diagnosis of the imported cases, and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing the interval.@*RESULTS@#A total of 179 imported cases were reported in Guangdong by April 10th, 2020. The average interval between entry of mainland China and diagnosis was 4.21 days with a median of 2 days. The interval was between 1 and 3 days in 69.8% of the cases. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a negative result of the initial nucleic acid test (OR=5.205, 95% : 1.100-24.640, =0.038) and interval between entry of mainland China and a positive diagnosis >2 days (OR=85.654, 95%: 24.569-298.615, < 0.001) were risk factors for the finding delay.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The results of initial nucleic acid detection and the interval between entry of mainland China and a positive diagnosis of COVID-19 are the major contributing factors of delayed case detection. This finding suggests that strict quarantine and detection measures should be carried out for the personnel entering China to accurately and quickly identify the cases.

Association between emotional problems and coping styles in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the status of depression and anxiety symptoms in mothers with autistic child, and explore the association between coping styles and emotional problems.To provide theoretical evidence of mental health intervention for mothers with autistic children.@*Methods@#A cross-section study was conducted in three autism rehabilitation centres of Changsha city.A total of 135 mothers of autistic child were recruited from March to November 2018.The self-designed questionnaires, patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), generalized anxiety disorder scale-7 (GAD-7), simple coping style questionnaire(SCSQ) and autism behaviour checklist(ABC) were used in the study.Spearman analysis was used to explore the correlation between emotional problems and copying styles.The ordinal logistic regression was conducted to explore the impact of the coping styles for emotional problems.@*Results@#The scores of anxiety and depression symptoms were 9.0 (5.0, 13.0) and 7.0 (3.0, 11.0), respectively.The occurrence rate of anxiety and depression symptoms was 44.5% and 28.1%, respectively.The scores of positive and negative coping were (1.75±0.90) and (1.05±1.03), respectively.There were 72 (53.3%) and 63 (46.7%) of participants adopted positive and negative coping styles, respectively.There was a positive correlation between negative coping and anxiety symptoms (r=0.182, P<0.05). There was a negative correlation between positive coping and depression symptoms (r=-0.184, P<0.05). The ordinal logistic regression showed positive coping was a protective factor for anxiety symptoms (OR=0.444, 95%CI: 0.205-0.965).@*Conclusion@#The anxiety and depression symptoms are common problems in mothers of children with ASD.It is necessary to take suitable psychological interventions to encourage them to adopt positive copying styles.

Association between emotional problems and coping styles in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To investigate the status of depression and anxiety symptoms in mothers with autistic child,and explore the association between coping styles and emotional problems.To provide theoretical evidence of mental health intervention for mothers with autistic children.Methods A cross-section study was conducted in three autism rehabilitation centres of Changsha city.A total of 135 mothers of autistic child were recruited from March to November 2018.The self-designed questionnaires,patient health questionnaire9 (PHQ-9),generalized anxiety disorder scale-7 (GAD-7),simple coping style questionnaire (SCSQ) and autism behaviour checklist(ABC) were used in the study.Spearman analysis was used to explore the correlation between emotional problems and copying styles.The ordinal logistic regression was conducted to explore the impact of the coping styles for emotional problems.Results The scores of anxiety and depression symptoms were 9.0 (5.0,13.0) and 7.0 (3.0,1 1.0),respectively.The occurrence rate of anxiety and depression symptoms was 44.5％ and 28.1％,respectively.The scores of positive and negative coping were (1.75±0.90) and (1.05±1.03),respectively.There were 72 (53.3％) and 63 (46.7％) of participants adopted positive and negative coping styles,respectively.There was a positive correlation between negative coping and anxiety symptoms (r=0.182,P＜0.05).There was a negative correlation between positive coping and depression symptoms (r=-0.184,P＜0.05).The ordinal logistic regression showed positive coping was a protective factor for anxiety symptoms (OR=0.444,95％ CI:0.205-0.965).Conclusion The anxiety and depression symptoms are common problems in mothers of children with ASD.It is necessary to take suitable psychological interventions to encourage them to adopt positive copying styles.

Spatial and temporal scanning analysis of infectious disease of C category in changde from 2010 to 2015 / 中国医师杂志

Objective To explore the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of C infectious diseases in Changde City from 2010 to 2015,grasp the situation of high priority areas so as to provide theoretical basis for prevention and control.Methods Spatio-temporal scanning was performed by using SaTScan software,and the spatial and temporal clustering regions of C infectious diseases were presented by ArcGIS software.Results The prevalence of C infectious diseases in Changde City was higher than that in other times in 2010 (RR =4.16,P =0.000).(LLY =497.019,RR =1.48,P ＜ 0.001).There was a most likely clustering area in the Wuling area of Changde,and the incidence of C infectious diseases in this area was higher than that in other areas,and the difference was statistically significant.Simple spatial scanning analysis and space-time scan analysis were also found in South Central Deshan Development Zone (LLR =277.131,RR =1.77,P ＜0.001) and Northern Linli county (LLR =136.683,RR =1.27,P ＜ 0.001) are two secondary gathering area,where the actual number of cases were much more than the theoretical number of cases,the difference was statistically significant.In addition,there are other regions of the existence of sub-aggregation state.Conclusions Spatio-temporal scanning analysis method can be applied to the high incidence of infectious diseases in Changde City.Combined with geographic information system that we can show the incidence of disease and disease in a more intuitive and comprehensive way,which can provide a scientific reference for the future prevention and control of the disease.

Effect of comprehensive intervention on the diabetes-relevant behaviors in aging patients with prediabetes in rural areas of Yiyang / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To explore the effect of comprehensive intervention on the diabetes-relevant behaviors in aging patients with prediabetes in rural areas of Yiyang.Methods:The aging patients with prediabetes in rural areas of Yiyang were chosen and asked for the questionnaire.The patients were randomly divided into two groups:the control group and the intervention group.The control group received the routine health education,while the intervention group underwent comprehensive intervention for one year.6 months and 12 months before the intervention or after the intervention,the behavior characteristics of diabetes,levels of related physiological and biochemical indexes were evaluated.Results:The relative behavior characteristics of diabetes,levels of related physiological and biochemical indexes between the two groups were comparable before the intervention (P＞0.05).6 months or 12 months after the intervention,it showed improvements in diabetes-related behaviors (P＜0.05) and the scores of diabetes-related behaviors compared with the control group (P＜0.001).Based on the related physiological and biochemical indexes,the intervention group showed significant reductions in the levels of waist-to-hip ratio,BMI,fasting plasma glucose and 2 h postprandial plasma glucose (P＜0.01).Conclusion:The comprehensive intervention can improve the diabetes-relevant behaviors,physiological and biochemical indexes in the older patients with pre-diabetes.

Analysis of self-management education on improving the symptoms of female college students with primary dysmenorrhea in Shaoyang / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of self-management education on improving symptoms of female college students with primary dysmenorrhea and the health-related quality of life.
@*METHODS@#Female students with primary dysmenorrhea were chosen for the questionnaire in two colleges at Shaoyang. The female students were assigned to an interventional group and a control group. The interventional group (n=195) received self-management education for 6 months, while the control group (n=196) did not receive any intervention. We compared the symptoms scores, VAS, dysmenorrheal degree and health-related quality of life between the 2 groups before and after the intervention. 
@*RESULTS@#After the intervention, the scores of symptoms, VAS and degree of dysmenorrhea were significantly lower than the baseline and the control group (P<0.05), and the physical component summary (PCS), mental component summary (MCS) were significantly improved (P<0.05).
@*CONCLUSION@#Self-management education could effectively improve the symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea and quality of life.

Effects of self-management strategies on the self-efficacy and self-management behavior in female college students with primary dysmenorrhea / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the effects of self-management strategies on self-efficacy and selfmanagement behavior in female college students with primary dysmenorrhea.Methods Implementing the plan that the interventional group (n=195) received self-management strategies,while the control group (n =196) did not received any intervention.Followed up six months,the self-efficacy and self-management behaviors and Visual Analogue Scale/Score (VAS) of dysmenorrhea pain were compared between two groups before and after the intervention.Results At the 6th month of observation period,the scores of self-efficacy in the intervention group (2.61 ±0.48) were significantly improved compared with the baseline (2.37 ± 0.36) and the control group(2.43±0.46) (both P＜0.05).Besides taking medicine to alleviate dysmenorrhea,other items in the self-management behaviors were significantly higher than baseline and control group (both P＜ 0.05).The mean of dysmenorrhea pain VAS of 6th menstrual period in the intervention group was lower than baseline and the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion The self-management strategies can effectively improve the self-efficacy and self-management behaviors among female college students,and alleviate the degree of dysmenorrhea pain.

Analysis of allocation and equity of health resources in Changsha between 2007 and 2013 / 中国卫生政策研究

To explore the allocation and equity of health resource in Changsha between 2007 and 2013 and to provide references for government to carry out regional health planning. Method:General statistical analysis was used to describe changes of health resource allocation in Changsha;from the perspective of the population and geography of the nine counties in Changsha, the equality and change of the configuration among doctors, nurses and hospital beds were analyzed by using the Gini coefficient and Theil index. Results:1) The per capita amount of health resources in Changsha increased gradually, and health resources were mainly concentrated in urban areas. 2 ) The Gini coeffi-cients of doctors, nurses and hospital beds was 0. 24~0. 46 according to population distribution between 2007 and 2013 in Changsha, and the Gini coefficient of all health resources by geography was 0. 59~ 0. 79 and peaked in 2009 to then decrease year after year. Following a comparison of the two kinds of regions, the Gini coefficient of urban are-as was significantly higher than that of rural areas, and the Gini coefficient of nurses was the highest among all health resources. 3) Changes in the Theil index were consistent with the Gini coefficient. The difference in the degree of re-source allocation in urban areas exhibited a rising trend, The Theil index was higher than each regional difference. Conclusion:Overall, the equity of allocation of health resources in Changsha between 2007 and 2013 gradually im-proved year by year. The equity of population configuration was greater than that of geographical configuration, and the equity of rural areas was superior to that of urban areas;the equity of the configuration of nurses was poor. The difference between areas is the main factor affecting the equity of Changsha’s health resource allocation.

Performance of 3 diabetes screening questionnaires for a rural sample in China / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate 3 published questionnaires for screening diabetes for rural samples in China.@*METHODS@#Three screening questionnaires (Finnish Diabetes Risk Score, Danish Diabetes Risk Score, and Chinese Diabetes Risk Score) were selected through literature review, and were employed in a rural community sample in Wangcheng, Changsha.@*RESULTS@#Sensitivity of these risk scores was 63.72%, 56.64% and 82.30%; the specificity was 79.75%, 62.64% and 46.90%. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.73-0.83), 0.65 (95% CI: 0.60-0.70) and 0.68 (95% CI: 0.63-0.73).@*CONCLUSION@#The 3 screening questionnaires show a lower validity than originally described when applied to rural samples in the study. Difference in population characteristics is a possible reason. F-DRS is better than the other two, suggesting that F-DRS is more suitable for diabetes screening in China rural areas.

Autoregressive integrated moving average model in food poisoning prediction in Hunan Province / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To determine the application of autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model in food poisoning prediction in Hunan Province, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of food poisoning.@*METHODS@#We collected the number of food poisoning from January 2003 to December 2009 in Hunan Province for ARIMA model fitting, and used food poisoning data of 2010 to verify the effect of model prediction. We predicted the number of food poisoning in 2011.@*RESULTS@#ARIMA (0,1,1) (0,1,1)12 better fit the trends of the poisoning number in previous time periods and series, with prediction fitting error of 9.59%. The number of food poisoning in Hunan Province in 2011 was predicted to be 834.@*CONCLUSION@#ARIMA model can better fit the number of food poisoning in the short term trends and series. If used for long-term forecasts.

Current status of self-management action of patients with chronic kidney disease during early-mid stage and correlative research of its influencing factors / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To investigate the current status of self-management action of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) during early-mid stage and its influencing factors. Methods 80 patients were recruited in a tertiary hospital in Beijing from March to June 2011.They were surveyed with a self-designed self-management action questionnaire of patients with CKD. Results The total score of self-management action in patients with CKD was(69.10±5.63 ).1.25％ patients with CKD had bad self-management ability and 88.75％ patients had moderate self-management ability,only 10.00％ patients had good self-management ability.Patients of younger age,with higher education level,ever attending lectures or having inpatient experience had better self-management ability.And the methods of payment also had significant influence on the self-management of patients with CKD. Conclusions When taking care of patients with CKD,health care providers should be more individual case-based,especially paying more attention to those who are older,with low education degree,never have attended health education lectures and do not have inpatient experience,in order to increase patients' self-management ability and help them improve their health status.

Occurrence, fatality and time distribution of food poisoning in Hunan Province / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To explore the incidence,mortality,trends and time distribution of food poisoning in Hunan Province.Methods:The data on food poisoning was derived from the Information Office of Hunan Provincial Health Department.Using the trend-test and circular distribution methods,we have described the current situation of food poisoning and tested the central tendency of the peak time points and the peak time zone of food poisoning in Hunan from 2000 to 2009.Results:On average,the incidence of food poisoning in Hunan from 2000 to 2009 was 0.072 per 100000 population.And the average number of people affected in these incidents was 1.937 per 100000 population.There were no apparent trends in either the number of incidents or people affected between 2000 and 2009 (u=-0.98,P＞0.05; u=-1.34,P＞0.05,respectively).The average mortality was 0.015 per 100000 population.The trend-test indicated that the average annual mortality decreased significantly from 2000 to 2009 (u=-1.72,P＜0.05).Meanwhile the average annual fatality rate was 0.77％.The trend-test revealed statistically significant differences for the average annual fatality rate (u=-1.88,P＜0.05).The circular distribution analysis showed that there was a central tendency of the distribution of food poisoning cases,with the average peak time atAugust 28th and the average peak time zone from June 7th to November 18th for food poisoning from 2000 to 2008.Conclusion:From 2000 to 2009,there is a significant tendency in the average annual mortality and fatality rate of food poisoning in Hunan.Summer and fall are the high seasons for food poisoning.We should pay attention to the peak time zone,especially the peak time point of food poisoning for food safety monitoring,and strengthen the prevention and control on food poisoning.

Relationship of Elderly Loneliness,Filial Expectations,and Intergenerational Social Support / 中国临床心理学杂志

Objective: To investigate the loneliless situation of the elderly, and explore the relationship between loneliness,filial expectations and intergenerational social support among the elderly. Methods: Using UCLA Loneliness Scale, Intergenerational Social Support and Fealty Expectation Questionnaire, we investigated 423 samples of old people aged 60 ～94 of Changsha City. Results: The mean score of loneliness was 39.8 (s =7.3). Ordinal regression analysis indicated that the loneliness of the elderly was significantly related to received adult children social support (OR=2.208, P=0.006),afforded adult children social support(OR=2.056,P=0.01) and filial expectation(OR=1.872,P=0.027),controlled by age, sex, level of education, marriage, level of family income, and residence status. Filial expectation directly affected loneliness and indirectly affected loneliness through received adult children social support and afforded adult children social support. Conclusion: The loneliness of the elderly are significantly related to filial expectation and intergenerational support.

Epidemiological survey on suicide rate of the elderly in rural area of Changsha / 中华老年医学杂志

0.05). (2) Suicide was the first cause of accident death among the rural elderly (67.68%).(3)The suicide rate of Wangcheng County was demonstrated to have a linear ascending tendency by tendency test (P

Suicide Prevention, Suicide Attitude and Related Factors among Undergraduates in Changsha / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To understand suicide prevention knowledge, suicide attitude and related factors among undergraduates in Changsha.Methods:Using multistage stratified cluster sampling, a total of 1664 undergraduates from six universities in Changsha were tested with Suicide Awareness Questionnaire, Suicide Attitude Questionnaire (QSA), Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List (ASLEC), Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ) and Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90). Results:The mean score of suicide awareness among undergraduates was 10.8?0.9 and the correct response rate was 54.5%. The result of suicide awareness score showed, female undergraduates had a lower score than males (9.2?0.8, 12.3?0.8;t=2.33, P=0.020), medical undergraduates had a higher score than ones of humanities and social science or engineering (13.9?0.8, 10.0?1.0, 9.7?0.7;F=10.47, P=0.000), undergraduates from one-child families had a higher score than ones from non-one-child families (11.9?0.7, 9.1?0.9;t=3.25, P=0.034), and college students from nuclear family had a higher score than ones from extended families or one-parent families (14.0?0.9, 10.3?0.8, 9.4?0.7;F=7.49, P=0.000). The major factors related to suicide awareness were gender, specialty and family type (?=0.087, 0.342 and 0.084, respectively). And the major factors related to attitude towards attributes of suicide behaviors were specialty, gender, suicide ideation and mental health status (?=0.688, -0.055, 0.810 and 0.731, respectively). Conclusions:College students in Changsha have severe misunderstands about suicide prevention. It is necessary to pay more attention to the education of suicide knowledge and to cultivate the correct suicide attitude among college students.

A Study of the Major Affecting Factors on Psychological Health Level of the Laid-off Workers / 中国临床心理学杂志

Objective:To study the psychological he alth of the laid-off workers and its affecting factors in Changsha City. Methods:675 laid-off w orkers and 669 employed workers were interviewed with the Trait Coping Questionn aire (TCQ),the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS),and the Life Event Scale(LES) .Demogra phic ,psychological and psychosocial factors that may affect psychological healt h of the subjects were analyed by stepwise regression method.Results: Psychological health condition was significantly affected by age ,marital status, educational level, economic status and duratio n of laid-off.Multiple stepwis e re gression analysis revealed that the major factors affecting psychological health were coping styles,recent life events ,perceived health impairment,educational level, economic pressure, and individual income.

Suicide Ideation in Laid-off Workers / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective: To investigate the suicide ideation and related risk factors in laid-off workers in Changsha Method: By cluster sampling, 675 laid-off workers of 6 factories were collected 675 workers still at work matched by sex and age were collected as control All subjects completed Suicide Ideation Questionnaire, SCL-90, SES (self-esteem scale), TCQ (trait coping questionnaire), SSRS (social support rating scale) and LES (life event scale) Among all them, the data of 6 subjects was incomplete, therefore totally there were data of 1344 subjects (rate of drop-off was 0 4%) One-way and multiple logistic regression were employed to identify risk factors for suicide ideation Results: About one in four laid-off workers (23 4%) reported suicide ideation, 4 6% had a suicide plan or thought of exact methods, 2 8% had attempted suicide after unemployment Multiple unconditioned logistic regression analysis showed that the major risk factors for suicide ideation were suicide ideation before unemployment, poor mental health, negative coping style, recent life events, low income, poor social support and poor education Conclusion: The prevalence of suicide ideation among laid-off workers is much higher than that of general population Improving their mental health may be a helpful way to prevent suicide